Publication Description
We assessed whether and to what extent established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors moderate (enhance/reduce) the effect of hyperglycemia on CVD outcomes in the long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohort (N = 1441). Moderation of the effect of glycemia on subsequent risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE: fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and any-CVD (MACE plus confirmed angina, silent MI, revascularization, or congestive heart failure) was assessed separately using interaction terms between HbA1c and other risk factors in Cox proportional hazards models. Over a median follow-up of 29 years, there were 120 MACE cases and 239 any-CVD cases. Higher pulse, higher triglycerides, use of calcium channel blockers, and presence of neuropathy individually enhanced (p